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论文摘要范文 篇一
范文1：
论文题目：论法治视野下信访功能的定位
【摘要】信访在中国成为问题与信访的功能定位有密切关系。
国家把信访的功能定位在政治参与和权力监督方面，而公民更愿意定位在权利救济方面。
由于公民对信访功能的定位和国家原初的定位产生了一定偏差，这使得国家在应对以权利救济为目的的信访问题时，难免带有功利主义的目的。
从比较法的角度，信访权更接近于国外宪法所普遍确认的"请愿权"。
就请愿权发展轨迹来看，早期的请愿权兼具政治参与和权利救济的双重功能，之后随着司法救济制度的完善，大量的私人纠纷主要诉诸司法程序解决，请愿权的权利救济功能逐渐式微甚至消失，今天请愿主要作为一种直接政治参与的方式而存在。
请愿权在现代成熟宪政国家中的发展变迁图景为我们思考信访在我国如何进行功能转换提供了思路。
我国应通过完善司法救济制度逐步把权利救济功能从信访中剥离出来，使信访回到原初的政治参与和权力监督的功能上来。
论文摘要范例 篇二
摘 要
随着现代制造技术的发展和企业间竞争的加剧，制造企业的生存和发展面临着更加严峻的挑战。
优化企业生产物流系统、降低企业物流成本，进而提升企业的核心竞争力，成为制造业迎接挑战和在市场竞争中取得有利地位的重要途径之一。
本论文以浙江青年汽车集团为分析对象，在分析生产企业的物流系统组成的基础上，依据企业生产物流理念和系统工程的基本理论，运用系统布置设计SLP(systematic layout planning)方法，分析了浙江青年汽车集团的生产物流系统现状，并对其进行了物流分析与作业单位相互关系密切程度分析，并根据企业生产物流合理化原则，结合该企业的实际情况，对其生产物流进行了优化，并依此提出了改善方案。
最后应用Witness对改善方案进行了仿真，在仿真结果的基础上，对提出的改善方案进行了评价与择优。
本文为汽车制造企业的生产物流系统分析及优化提供了一个实例，也可为相近类型企业的生产物流系统分析及优化提供参考。
关键词：生产物流；设施布置；系统仿真
论文摘要格式 篇三
字数100-300左右，A4纸默认设置。
论文名称（字体：黑体，三号字）
作者1 作者2
(1单位一 地址 邮编， e-mail;2单位二 地址 邮编， e-mail)
摘要：
字体：宋体，字体大小：小四号，行距：1.5倍行间距
关键词：宋体，小四号，每词之间用分号“；”
本科论文摘要 篇四
论文题目：价格促销对品牌权益的影响
【摘要】 价格促销作为营销组合中的重要一环，必然会对品牌权益产生深刻的影响。
在查阅大量文献的基础上，本文就价格促销对品牌权益的影响进行了分析。
同时，也总结了国内外学者对在不同调节因素影响下，价格促销对品牌权益影响的研究结论，并提出了今后的研究的方向。
英文文献摘要范例 篇五
ABSTRACT
William Faulkner is one of the greatest writers in the 20th century.
As a leader ofAmerican “Southern Renaissance”， he won the Nobel Prize of literature in 1949 for “hispowerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”。
(Faulkner,1949) Light in August is one of his masterpieces which explore moral themes related tothe decline of the old South.
This thesis primarily concentrates on hard-to-defineidentity of the protagonist-Joe Christmas with the application of the post-colonialisttheory.
Identity, from the perspective of post-colonialism, is a dynamic process ofconstruction involved with historical and social elements.
It is neither natural nor stable,but invented and constructed outside.
In the novel, Joe Christmas is regarded as amulatto suspect because of his birth riddle, despite the fact that there is no clearevidence about his uncertainty.
Caged within the racism-rooted southern society, Joe'suncertain identity sets him onto the tragic life, for this ambiguity itself is a threat to thestability of the community.
On the one hand, Joe is in the endless pursuit of his ownidentity under the influence of society.
He is so obsessed with locating his own positionand seeking the sense of belonging that he cannot find peace in deep heart.
It turns outthat all his efforts fail, without satisfactory consequences.
In a certain sense, Joe createsthe predicament for himself.
Having failed to apply the strategy of hybridity inpost-colonialism to fight back the society, Joe is doomed to be ostracized andabandoned by the mainstream white society.
He is like a round peg in a square hole,wavering between the white and the black community all his lifetime.
On the other hand,the whole society is keen to pin down Joe's clear identity in his own will, regardless ofJoe's intention.
In a hierarchical society, it is the racial prejudice and different socialpowers that create and construct Joe as a part nigger.
There are four chapters in the thesis besides Introduction and Conclusion parts.
Chapter One is the literature review of Light in August both at home and abroad.
Chapter Two gives an overview of the post-colonialist theories, especially theories ofidentity construction, which constitutes the theoretical foundation.
Chapters Three andFour are the main body, respectively analyzing both the internal and external elementsof Joe's identity dilemma in the light of the post-colonial theories.
In conclusion, the indeterminacy of Joe Christmas' identity demonstrates that theessence of identity issue is not whether one is a black or not, but the social constructionof identity of human beings.
ABSTRACT
The term “intertextuality”， which was introduced by French literary critics JuliaKristeva in the 1960s, refers to the relationship between texts.
And it has been in thespotlight of the academic world since its debut.
Kristeva claims that every text isconstructed as a mosaic of quotations; every text is the absorption and transportation ofother texts.
The theory of intertextuality not only brings about great social, cultural andhistorical significance, but also stimulates a new thought and a refreshing researchperspective for the evolution of translation theory.
Biancheng, a novella that expresses the localism, is the masterpiece of the famousmodern Chinese writer Shen Congwen.
The story happened in a border town namedChadong of Xiangxi in the 1930s, and it depicts the special local flavor of Xiangxidistrict.
At the same time, the novel showcases the kindness of the humanity and thepurity of the soul by describing the tragic story of a girl called Cuicui.
The novel hasattracted lots of readers at home and abroad for its unique artistic charm and vivid localflavor.
The thesis deals with the two representative English versions of Biancheng, one isfrom the famous British translator Gladys Yang, the other is from the Americansinologist Jeffrey C.
Kinkley.
The author engages in the exploration of how to apply thetheory of intertextuality to the translation of novels from theory and practice and tries todig up a new perspective concerning the translation studies of Biancheng as an effort toprove the fact that the theory of intertextuality can not only be viewed as epistemologybut also be taken as methodology for the research of novel translation.
All in all, two research methods are included in this thesis.
First and foremost, thecombination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis runs through the wholethesis in order to reflect the frequency distribution for use of domestication andforeignization; in addition, the thesis mainly uses the case analysis, especially in themain body part.
It expounds the enlightenment the theory of intertextuality brings to thenovel translation by comparing different translations of the different Chineseculture-specific items (CSI) in terms of linguistic, material, social, religious andecological culture.
The features of the application of the intertextuality into thetranslation studies are as follows: it pays much more attention to the translator'ssubjectivity and manifests the nature of translation activities as intertextuality in aclearer way.
Thus, it helps to build the new intertextual connections between the sourcetext and the target text and provide fresh new theoretical support for the macroscopicconstruction of the translation studies.
This thesis can be divided into six parts.
In the Introduction, the author displays a brief introduction of the researchbackground, research significance, the methodology, and the structure of the thesisrespectively.
Chapter One is the review of the previous studies on Biancheng and its Englishtranslations both at home and abroad.
Chapter Two is primarily concerned with the establishment and development of thetheory of intertextuality, and then the relationship between the theory of intertextualityand translation will be presented.
Chapter Three is about Biancheng and its two English translations.
It not onlypresents a brief introduction of Shen Congwen, but also elaborates the description of thetwo translators---Gladys Yang and Jeffrey C.
Kinkley.
Meanwhile, it provides us withthe background information about the formation process of these two English versions.
Chapter Four is the main body of the thesis.
The author initiates the comparativestudy of the two English versions of Biancheng by detailed analysis of five differenttypes of culture-specific items, namely linguistic, material, social, religious andecological culture,The last part is the Conclusion.
The author holds that Biancheng contains a lot ofdifferent types of intertextual signals of Chinese culture-specific items which can betraced in other previous texts.
At the same time, because of the different environmentand cultural background, the two translators share different understandings on theintertextual signals of those culture-specific items, resulting in the two translators'
different choices of different translation strategies.
Gladys Yang's version involves bothdomestication and foreignization, and foreignization occupies a larger percentage.
Asthis version got published in 1981, the readers from the English speaking countriescould grasp the style and content of the translated version in a rather difficult way;while Kinkley's version was out in 2009, and he tended to use more foreignization thanthat of Gladys Yang, which helped to meet the needs of those foreign readers who notonly possessed basic knowledge of China and Chinese culture, but also yearned forhaving a better understanding of Chinese culture.
In addition, Kinkley's versionsuccessfully maintained the local flavor of the source text, helps transmit Chineseculture to the world, and making it a worthwhile material for further study.
Abstract
With the development of optical networks, the architecture of optical networkbecome more and more complex, so the demand to establish monitoring network foroptical network is urgent and necessary.
Traditional optical network monitoring systemfocused on the terminal of equipment, take the form of protection switching when thebreakdown of network to keep the integrity of the network,but this method can not givethe type and location of breakdown in optic cable.
“Multi-fible monitoring system” isproposed to solve this problem.
This system, based on the principle of backscatter, consists of OTDR block,opticalswitching, computers, embedded operating systems etc.
It establishes a monitoring systemwhich could efficiently manage the complex optical networks.
In this thesis,it firstlyintroduces the present research background of OTDR,describes the optical principle offiber measurement and the structure of modern digital OTDR block;then it gives thearchitecture of the fiber monitoring system which consist of MCU,OTDR block,opticalswitching,Ethernet and management software;at last it mainly introduces the self-defineprotocols,with these protocols we can request measurement,modify IP address ofMCU,switch the fiber link we measured,cancel the measurement and store the result ofmeasurement.
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