初三上学期英语知识点优秀7篇
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初三上学期英语知识点 篇一
介词篇:
1.介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)
Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
2.常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词
at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
in, after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地点的。介词
at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
3.介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
(2)介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
动词篇:
1.短语动词的分类
(1)动词+介词
常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:
Don’t laugh at others.
Tom asked his parents for a bike.
(2)动词+副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:
You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3)动词+副词+介词
常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4)动词+名词+介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5)动词+形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6)动词+名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
仁爱版英语九年级上册知识 篇二
I. 重点词组
1、 not only…but also… 不仅……而且……
2、 be supposed to 应该
3、 ought to 应该
4、 turn off 关掉
5、 instead of 代替
6、 on time 准时
7、 make sure 确保
8、 push forward向前推
9、 push down 向下
10.pull up 向上拉
II. 重点句型
1、 For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.
例如,我们应该用纸的两面,并且重新使用塑料袋。
2、 Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。
3、 First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先, 你离开房间时应该随手关灯。
4、 Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
5、 Well, actions speak louder than words.嗯, 百说不如一做。
6、 There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.
明天有许多繁重的活要干,今晚一定要早睡。
III. 语法
并列句:由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。
结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的并列连词有:and, or, but, while, not only… but also
e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.
2、 They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.
仁爱版英语九年级上册知识 篇三
I. 重点词组
1、 get lost 迷路
2、 each other 彼此
3.at least 至少
4take place发生
5because of 因为
6.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
7.carry out 实行
8.be short of 缺乏
9.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
10.be known as… 作为……而著名
11.work well in doing…在……方面起作用
12.a couple of 一些
13keep up with赶上,跟上
II.重点句型
1、 Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗?
2、 ——I really hate to go shopping. 我的确讨厌购物。——So do I.我也如此。
3、 But it seems that their living conditions were not very good.但是似乎他们的生活条件不太好。
4、 But great changes have already taken place in China recently.但是近来中国已发生了巨大的变化。
5、 Because of the one-child policy, now most families have only one child.
由于我国独生子女政策的实行,现在大部分家庭只有一个孩子。
6、 What’s the population of the U.S.A.?美国的人口是多少?
7、 ——What’s more, the population in developing countries is growing faster. ——So it is.
而且,发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。 的确如此。
8、 Our government has taken many measures to control the population.
我们的政府已采取了许多控制人口的措施。
III.语法:
常用于现在完成时的时间状语:already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.
e.g. 1. I have just called you.
2、 ——Have you ever been to France? ——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.
3、 ——Have you seen him yet? ——Yes, I have seen him already.
初三上学期英语知识点 篇四
所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的。句法,应该避免。
下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法:
⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:
① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.
这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二:
(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”
⒉垂悬副词短语,如:
② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同:
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
⒊垂悬不定式动词短语,如:
③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.
④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.
这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主语必须是“ 人”,如:
(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三类垂悬结构中,第一类发生的频率最高,必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下,分词短语是对的,它们并非垂悬结构:
第一,独立结构(The Absolute Construction,见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语,所以不是垂悬结构。例如:
① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二,当分词含有介词或连词性质时,它不需要逻辑主语,所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如:
② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.
③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.
第三,当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时,也不需要逻辑主语,因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如:
④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.
⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
初三上学期英语知识点 篇五
1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构:
(如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句 末,by 表示“由,被”的意思 如何理解被动语态?
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的'含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如: many people speak english.
被动语态 english is spoken by many people.
2. 3. 发明家 可数名词
4.(如:
笔是用来写的。 笔不是用来吃的。
5.
give sth. to sb. 如:i gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth. i gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天
7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如:
我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. 使?怎么样 它使我高兴 make sb./sth. + 让?做? 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11. not?until? 直到?才做? 如:
我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
12. according to + 根据? 如: 根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf n. 叶子 15. nearby adj. 附近的 如: the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如:the leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如:she fell down from her bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了。
17. quite 非常 adv. 如: beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 如: beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注: 如:
我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如: more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括
如6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 他在加拿大出生
27. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into ? 将?划分成。
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如:
let’让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 如:
自从那以后,我已经离开了北京。
仁爱版英语九年级上册知识 篇六
I. 重点词组
1、 as a result 结果
2、 here and there 到处
3、 in the beginning 一开始
4、 in danger 处于危险中
5、 cut down 砍倒
6、 change sth. into sth. 把……变成……
7、 prevent from 防止
8、 greenhouse effect 温室效应
9、 refer to 提到
10.deal with 处理
12.cut off 中断
II. 重点句型
1、 As we know, none of us likes pollution.众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。
2、 Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals.人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。
3、 Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away.树木也能防风固土。
4、 Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。
5、 Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good.
我们所做的, 有些对地球很好,而有些不利。
6、 They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。
7、 When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away.天一下雨或刮风, 土就会被冲走或刮走。
III. 语法
不定代词:
1、 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2、 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时,通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时,要放在其后。
e.g. But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.
初三英语上册期中知识点 篇七
动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)
动词不定式作状语
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市工作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比赛了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
为了赶上其他同学,我必须努力学习。
以上就是众鼎号为大家带来的7篇《初三上学期英语知识点》,希望对您有一些参考价值。