定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句（英语：attributive clause），这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。它山之石可以攻玉，下面众鼎号为您精心整理了6篇《定语从句优秀教案设计》，亲的肯定与分享是对我们最大的鼓励。
定语从句 篇一
英语词法专题讲座十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1. 定语从句的概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。there is nothing ______ i can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。this is the very book ______ i’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。this is the first nextbook ______ i studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。this is the most beautiful mountain ______ i have ever seen.=i have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。he told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1). 关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。this is the building in ______ he lives.2). 先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which。the clock is that _____ tells the time.3). 引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。his book, ______ was lost last week, has been found now.3. 先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。1). 当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who。those ______ are singing are all my classmates.2). 在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。there is a girl ______ expects to see you.3). 当先行词是i、you、he、they等时，只能用who。he ______ plays with fire gets burned.三、定语从句（三）。 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1. 由where引导的定语从句。1). 先行词是表示地点的名词 2). 在定语从句中作地点状语is this the house ______ you lived? = is this the house _____ _____ you lived?= is this the house _____ you lived in?2. 由when引导的定语从句。1). 先行词是表示时间的名词 2). 在定语从句中作时间状语i will never forget the days ______ i met him.= i will never forget the days ____ ____ i met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。when was the last time you saw the parrot?3. 由why引导的定语从句。 先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。we don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come.四、注意事项：1. 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。the story _____ he told was very popular.a. who b. whom c. whose d. / 2. that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。i loves singers who _______(write) their own songs.she is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .3. 在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?a. which you bought b. that you bought it c. you bought d. you bought it 4. 定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、jim’s等），若没有，则用whose。the girl _____ parents work in beijing is kate.a. who b. whose c. which d. that i know the boy. his handwriting is very good.= i know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1. she reveived a box which was full of presents. she reveived a box _____ _____ presents.2. he likes reading books that was written by luxun. he likes reading booking _____ ____ luxun.3. i like chinese tea which has nothing in it. i like chinese tea ______ _____ in it.4. do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress. do you know the girl ______ a red dress.
定语从句 篇二
贵州省长顺县广顺中学
定语从句是英语学习中的重点，也是英语学习中的难点，要学好定语从句要了解以下几点：
首先，了解什么是定语从句，定语从句是一种用句子作定语，修饰名词或代词的主从复合句，通常直接跟在被修饰名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系代词或关系副词一方面连接定语从句，另一方面其本身又在定语从句中充当某个句子成份。
eg：She is a girl who just can't say no. girl 为先行词，who just can't say no 为定语从句，关系词who 在整个定语从句中作主语。
常见的关系代词who(whom)指人、that 指人或物、whose，关系副词when、where以及why、how。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
eg： (1)He laughs best who laughs last.(who 在定语从句中作主语)（2）David is the boy whom /who you have talked to. (who/whom作定语从句的宾语)（3）This is the window whose glass is broken.(whose作定语)（4）Tell me the reason why you are late.(why 在定语从句中作状语)
到底用关系代词还是关系副词，就看定语从句中缺少什么，如果缺少主语、宾语、定语就用关系代词，如果缺少状语就用关系副词。
其次，应注意定语从句中的谓语动词一般应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
eg：This is the only one of the students who is from Canada.
先行词 单数
定语从句中的动词时态应根据句意及上、下文而定，主句和从句可用不同的时态。
eg:Where is the comrade whom I saw yesterday.
现在时 过去时
第三，定语从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，如果省去主句的意思就不完整，该从句不能用逗号和主句分开。
eg:That is a man who found my handbag.
非限制性定语从句是先行词和整个主句的附加说明，关系不是十分密切，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚，该从句前常用逗号和主句分开。
eg：She was a good mother, who loved her children very much.
需要注意引导非限制性定语从句指事或物时只用which。
eg：The trees near the house, which I planted three years ago, are growing up well.
第四，运用定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词要注意以下几点：
1.介词＋关系词（即关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，如果介词放在关系代词的前面，则关系代词指人只能用whom，指事或物只能用which。）
who is the comrade with whom you shook hands just now?
The boy lives in the house in front of which there is a tall building.
当然，当介词放在从句的句末时，关系代词的用法不受以上限制。
2.关系代词that 可指人也可指物，但在下列情况下一般用that 引导，不用which/who。
1)当先行词为nothing, anything, everything, all, much, little, none, few，等不定代词时常用that，但something可用which。
eg：I can give you all that I can get.
2)当先行词被only, last 等修饰时常用that。
eg：This is the only picture that is inter esting.
3)当先行词被数词、形容词最高级来修饰时常用that，不用which。
eg：That is the longest river that runs through our village.
4)主句中有两个先行词，且一个表示人，另一个表示物，即先行词同时有人或物时常用that。
eg：We talked about the persons and the things that had never happened in school.
人 物
关系代词本身在定语从句中用作表语，用that引导定语从句，但that 常省略。
eg:Our hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
6)若句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句已用了关系代词which，则第二个定语从句中的关系代词常用that。
eg： Edison set up a factory which produced things that had never seen before.
定语从句 篇三
(一) 知识概要
定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如：a good book，形容词good 用来修饰书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(the attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗？) 而who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：
你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗？这里scientist 叫作先行词，而who 叫作定语从句的引导词。who 在定语从句中起主语的作用，who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如：you must do everything that i do这里先行词是 everything，而 that i do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose 和关系副词when，where，why，how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如：a plane is a machine that can fly这里先行词是machine 而that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如：i like the book (that) you lent me yesterday这里先行词是book，关系代词用that，它在定语从句中作lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即：i like the book you lent me yesterday ②which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：the book shop is a shop which sells books这里 shop是先行词，which 在从句中作主语。又如：the book (which) i read last night was wonderful 这里主句是the book was wonderful 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作read 的宾语，可以省略。③who，whom，whosewho 在定语从句中作主语，whom 是who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：the man who visited our school yesterday is an american friend 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 who 在定语从句中作主语。又如：who's that woman (whom) you just talked to? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁？而whom 作定语从句中介词to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的whom 也常常可用who代替。this is our classmate, mary, whose home is not far from our school 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。
1. i saw the man. he closed the door
i saw the man who (that) closed the door
2. the girl is happy. she won the race
the girl who won the race is happy.
3. the students are from china. they sit in the front row.
the students who sit in the front row are from china
(要注意的是先行词是students 则who 的数也应看作复数。)
4. we are studying sentences. they contain adjective dause.
we are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause
5. the taxi driver was friendly. he took me to the airport.
the taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly.
6. the book was good. i read it
the book that i read was good.
the book i read was good.
7. the people were very nice. we visited them yesterday.
the people we visited yesterday were very nice.
8. the man called the police. his wallet was stolen.
the man whose wallet was stolen called the police
9. i come from a country. its history goes back thousands of years.
i come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years.
10. i have to call the man. i picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
i have to call the man whose umbrella i picked up after the meeting.
关系代词whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
that was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以写作：
that was the room which we had lived in for ten years
he was the man whom(who) you were looking for要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而look for 是短语动词也不可将for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：the man that we were talking about has come to our school. 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：
1. the meeting was interesting. i went to it.
the meeting that i went to was interesting.
2. the man was very kind. i talked to him yesterday.
the man who i talked to yesterday was very kind
3. i must thank the people. i got a present from him.
i must thank the people who i got a present from.
4. the picture was beautiful. she was looking at it.
the picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful.
5. the man is standing over there. i told you about him.
the man who i told you about is standing over there
除关系代词外，还有关系副词，when, where, why，其中when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：i never forget the day when i first came to the great wall. 而where 则指地点，如：this is the house where the old man lives. 请看下面例句：
1. the city was beautiful. we spent our vacation there.
the city where we spent our vacation was beautiful
2. that is the restaurant. i will meet you there.
that is the restaurant where i will meet you
3. the town is small. i grew up there.
the town where i grew up is small.
4. that is the drawer. i keep my newspapers there.
that is the drawer where i keep my newspapers.
5. monday is the day. we will come then.
monday is the day when we will came
6. 7:05 is the time. my plane arrives then.
7:05 is the time when my plane arrives.
7. 1960 is the year. the revolution took place then.
1960 is the year when the revolution took place.
8. july is the month. the weather is usually the hottest then.
july is the month when the weather is usually the hottest.
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：i was the only person in my office who was invited.
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如：abraham lincoln, who led the united states through these years, was shot on april 14, 1865 at a theatre in washington d. c. 又如：galileo lived in the city of pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.
定语从句 篇四
1. chan’s restaurant on baker street, _______ used to be poorlyrun, is now a successful business. (浙江)
a.that b. which c. who d. where
2. jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody inthe office. (浙江)
a.which b.that c.this d.it
3. her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.(湖北)
a. who b.that c.what d. which
4. anyway, that evening, _______ i’ll tell you more about later,i ended up staying at rachel’s place. (浙江)
a.when b.where c.what d. which
5. york, _______ last year, is a nice old city. (北京)
a. that i visited b. which ivisited
c. where i visited d. in which i visited
6.he paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of____hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
athese bthose cthat d which
7. i shall never those years____ i lived in the country with thefarmers,____ has a great effect on mylife.
athat/which b when/ which cwhich/that d when/ who
8. the old lady had one son and two daughters,_____ treated herwell,
____ made her very sad.
a no one of whom;as b none of whom; that
c none of whom;which d noneof them; which
9. dorothy was always speaking highly her role in the play,_____of
course made the others unhappy.
awho bwhich cthis d what
10. by serving others, a person focuse on someone other thanhimself or herself,_____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
a who bwhich cwhat d that
11(09全国1)she brought with her three friends, none of ____ i had ever met before.
a.them b.who c. whom d.these
12(09全国2)my friend showed me round the town, ______was vey kind of him.
a. which b. that c. where d.it
13(北京)-----what do you think of teaching, bob?
-----i find it fun and challenging . it is a job ____ you are doing something
serious but interesting.
a.where b. which c.when d.that
14(09湖南)i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city _____name will create a
picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
a.which b.of which c.that d.whose
15(09湖南)gun control is a subject _____americans have argued for a long time
a.of which b.with which c.about which d.into which
16(09重庆)life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond
ourselves.a.why b.what c.that d.where
17(09山东)whenever i met her ,______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a
sweet smile. a.who b.which c.when d.that
18(09福建)it’s helplful to put children in a situation ____they can see themselves
differently. a.that b.when c.which d.where
19(09安徽)many children, ____parents are away working in big cities, are taken
good care of in the village.
a.their b.whose c.of them d.with whom
20(09天津)a person _____e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or
receive any e-mails.
a.who b.whom c.whose d.whoever
定语从句 篇五
定语从句
（一） 知识概要
定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(the attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如： do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗？)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗？这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。 who 在定语从句中起主语的作用， who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： you must do everything that i do 这里先行词是 everything， 而 that i do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。① that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如： a plane is a machine that can fly 这里先行词是 machine 而 that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如： i like the book (that) you lent me yesterday 这里先行词是 book， 关系代词用 that， 它在定语从句中作 lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即： i like the book you lent me yesterday② which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如： the book shop is a shop which sells books 这里 shop 是先行词， which 在从句中作主语。又如： the book (which) i read last night was wonderful 这里主句是 the book was wonderful 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语 book， 即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作 read 的宾语，可以省略。③ who， whom， whose who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：the man who visited our school yesterday is an american friend 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 who 在定语从句中作主语。又如： who's that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁？而 whom 作定语从句中介词 to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的 whom 也常常可用 who代替。this is our classmate， mary， whose home is not far from our school 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。
1. i saw the man. he closed the door
i saw the man who (that) closed the door
2. the girl is happy she won the race
the girl who won the race is happy
3. the students are from china they sit in the front row
the students who sit in the front row are from china
(要注意的是先行词是 students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。)
4. we are studying sentences they contain adjective dause
we are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause
5. the taxi driver was friendly he took me to the airport
the taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly
6. the book was good i read it
the book that i read was good
the book i read was good
7. the people were very nice we visited them yesterday
the people we visited yesterday were very nice
8. the man called the police his wallet was stolen
the man whose wallet was stolen called the police
9. i come from a country its history goes back thousands of years
i come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years
10. i have to call the man i picked up his umbrella after the meeting
i have to call the man whose umbrella i picked up after the meeting
关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
that was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以写作：
that was the room which we had lived in for ten years
he was the man whom(who) you were looking for 要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短语动词也不可将 for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如： the man that we were talking about has come to our school 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：
1. the meeting was interesting i went to it
the meeting that i went to was interesting
2. the man was very kind i talked to him yesterday
the man who i talked to yesterday was very kind
3. i must thank the people i got a present from him
i must thank the people who i got a present from
4. the picture was beautiful she was looking at it
the picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful
5. the man is standing over there i told you about him
the man who i told you about is standing over there
除关系代词外，还有关系副词， when， where， why， 其中 when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： i never forget the day when i first came to the great wall 而 where 则指地点，如： this is the house where the old man lives 请看下面例句：
1. the city was beautiful we spent our vacation there
the city where we spent our vacation was beautiful
2. that is the restaurant i will meet you there
that is the restaurant where i will meet you
3. the town is small i grew up there
the town where i grew up is small
4. that is the drawer i keep my newpapers there
that is the drawer where i keep my newspapers
5. monday is the day we will come then
monday is the day when we will came
6. 7∶05 is the time my plane arrives then
7∶05 is the time when my plane arrives
7. 1960 is the year the revolution took place then
1960 is the year when the revolution took place
8. july is the month the weather is usually the hottest then
july is the month when the weather is usually the hottest
在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：i was the only person in my office who was invited
② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： abraham lincoln， who led the united states through these years， was shot on april 14， 1865 at a theatre in washington d. c. 又如：galileo lived in the city of pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（二） 正误辨析
［误］ i won't tell you the name of the person who teach me english
［正］ i won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me english
［析］ 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：i who am a student want to find a spare time job这里的 who 应与 i 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。
［误］ we talked about the things and the people who we met during the second world war
［正］ we talked about the things and the people that we met during the second world war
［析］ 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。
［误］ the book， that i bought yesterday， was very good
［正］ the book， which i bought yesterday， was very good
［析］ 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。
［误］ the dictionary which i lent it yesterday is a very useful tool
［正］ the dictionary which i lent yesterday is a very useful tool
［析］ 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。
［误］ the teacher i want to learn english from is the one which comes from america
［正］ the teacher i want to learn english from is the one who comes from america
［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。
［误］ this is the room in that the old man lives
［正］ this is the room in which the old man lives
［正］ this is the room which the old man lives in
［正］ m.huzhidao.com this is the room that the old man lives in
［析］ that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： this is the room the old man lives in
［误］ i can do everything which is good for you
［正］ i can do everything that is good for you
［析］ 在先行词是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。
［误］ the only thing which the students can do is studying hard
［正］ the only thing that the students can do is studying hard
［析］ 在先行词前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。
［误］ this is the first american film which i've ever seen
［正］ this is the first american film that i've ever seen
［析］ 在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如： this is the best book that i have ever seen
［误］ he is from africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin
［正］ he is from africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin
［析］ 当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。
定语从句 篇六
18. 定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
the package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如：
there are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
beijing is the place where（in which） i was born. 北京是我的出生地。
is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
his father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
he is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
i\'ll never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错） this is the mountain village where i visited last year.
（错） i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.
（对） this is the mountain village （which） i visited last year.
（对） i\'ll never forget the days （which） i spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
例2. is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
a. where b. that c. on which d. the one
答案：例1 d，例2 a
例1变为肯定句： this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选d。
而句2中， 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选a。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
this is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
this is the house in which i lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
this is the house where i lived two years ago.
do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
as we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题
1）alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
a. it b. that c. which d. he
答案c. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）the weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
a. what b. which c. that d. it
答案b。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
a. that b. which c. as d. it
答案b. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为b。
as 的用法
例1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构， 和……一样……。例如：
i have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'。例如：
as we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
as is known, smoking is harmful to one\'s health.
as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1） whoever spits in public will be punished here. （whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2） the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）
18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
what you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。
whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2） who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：
（错）who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
（对）who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3） that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。what只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
i think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
what we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
（错）the tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b） 介词后不能用。例如：
we depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a） 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b） 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c） 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
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